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Marriage law

Effects on marriage and inheritance law

Employers should give their employees coming from abroad the opportunity to arrange and organize their private affairs in advance. This ultimately clears your head for the work that is ultimately at stake. The joy of the new challenge could quickly be put into perspective once the employee realizes that they have been told something about labor law and taxes in Germany, but the most elementary legal questions have not been touched upon. Moving to another country will have an impact on the applicable marriage law and inheritance law will also change if you do not actively shape it.

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Inheritance law abroad

Eviva España!” Sun, beach and sea are an incentive for many Central Europeans to spend not only their vacation but also their retirement under the southern sun. Of course, you also have your own ideas about what should happen if one of the spouses dies and what should happen to the assets when you go on your final journey.

The answer is provided by statutory inheritance law, which, however, is regulated very differently in different countries. In some countries, inheritance law is linked to nationality, which becomes a real task in multinational marriages. Other countries such as Switzerland base inheritance law on the last place of residence. In Germany, the matrimonial regime even plays a role, although the German statutory matrimonial regime is not equated with other statutory matrimonial regimes. If assets are located in several countries, the inheritance law for these assets can also be based on the country in which they are located. It may be the case that different inheritance laws apply to the same estate. As a result, this can lead to unwanted division, other heirs and thus to disputes. Not to mention the question of taxation of the estate. While in the area of ​​income taxes there are agreements with most countries to avoid double taxation. This is only occasionally the case for inheritance and gift taxes. For example, Germany only has an agreement with Switzerland for inheritance tax, but not for gifts during your lifetime. The EU has now issued a regulation that Germany has already implemented into applicable law, although this will only apply in this country from 2015. In the future, inheritance law will be based solely on the last place of residence.

Quality status and marriage law abroad

Do you know which property regime you live in and which law applies to your marriage? So much in advance: the general effects of marriage can change when you move to another country, but the property regime always remains the same. What that means in detail and what tax consequences it has vary widely. In many cases it is advisable to make a choice of law for both the applicable marriage law and the applicable inheritance law. Depending on the situation, however, the legal law should not be chosen, but what is wanted should be agreed upon in at least a partial marriage contract. Last will and testaments, whether wills, legacies or inheritance contracts, can and should be designed to be “European-friendly”. So that you can really enjoy the sun and the wine undisturbed. 

According to the German ErbSchStG, Germans residing in Germany are entitled to an allowance for inheritance tax and gift tax, depending on their degree of relationship. H.v. €500.000 is granted, while this amount is only €2.000,00 if both the testator/donor and the heir/donee are not resident in Germany. In the opinion of the EU Commission, these provisions represent an unjustified restriction on the free movement of capital. Contrary to German law, the allowance must therefore also be granted if someone has emigrated to Spain, for example. However, this does not apply to an employee who immigrated from the USA.

Moved from Switzerland to Germany

If a German man married a Swiss woman and you lived in Zurich for the first part of the marriage, then the Swiss property regime of community of acquisitions automatically applies. If the two later live in Germany, the general effects of the marriage are governed by German law, but not the property regime, which remains as it was. If one of the spouses dies, German inheritance law applies. 

If the deceased also has a spouse and children, the spouse inherits if the couple lived under the German marital property regime ¼. In addition, he receives compensation for gains. The survivor can also assert this by claiming another quarter of the inheritance and thus getting half of the assets left behind. The equalization of gains or the second quarter is tax-free, while the first quarter is taxed taking into account tax allowances. 

However, if the two spouses do not live under the German statutory matrimonial property regime, no compensation for gains is due. The surviving spouse still inherits ¼, but anything else he or she receives in compensation or inheritance is fully taxable, taking tax allowances into account. A marriage contract also helps in this respect, with very advantageous tax effects resulting from the so-called “marital property regime swing”.

Jürgen Bächle
Jurgen Bachle

has been working as an independent tax consultant and expert in international tax law since 1989 and has been a member of the board of the German Association of Tax Consultants Baden-Württemberg, DSTVBW, for over 20 years.

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